Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: An Unknown Autoimmune Disease.
What are the key stages in the progression of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, and how does the immune system's response contribute to the inflammation and damage to the thyroid gland?
What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis?
Nature of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis:
- Chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, responsible for regulating metabolism and growth.
Immune System Attack:
- The immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid, causing inflammation and damage to the gland.
Disease Progression Stages:
- First Stage:
Increased production of Th1 cytokines activates macrophages and cytotoxic T cells attacking the thyroid gland.
- Second Stage:
Increased production of Th2 cytokines activates B cells, leading to antibody production against the thyroid.
- Final Stage:
Thyroid gland destruction occurs, resulting in hypothyroidism and reduced thyroid hormone production.
Symptoms and Impact:
- Hashimoto's Thyroiditis manifests with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, depression, and joint pain.
- More prevalent in women, often developing in middle age.
Contributing Factors:
- Development linked to factors like family history of autoimmune disease, exposure to environmental toxins, and iodine deficiency.
Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Diagnosis involves identifying symptoms and specific antibodies in blood tests.
- Treatment typically includes hormone replacement therapy to address missing thyroid hormones and alleviate symptoms.
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